Journal of Business Insight and Innovation
The Journal of Business Insight and Innovation (JBII) is a peer-reviewed, open-access academic journal dedicated to publishing high-quality research on all aspects of business insight and innovation. The journal is committed to providing a platform for scholars and practitioners to share their latest research findings and insights on this critical topic. Mission Statement Business Insight and Innovation is a research journal that publishes scholarly articles on the latest trends and developments in business and management. The journal is committed to promoting cutting-edge research and innovative thinking in the field of business. Scope of the Journal Journal of Business Insight and Innovation (JBII) covers topics related to business operations, economics, and management practices. This includes areas of marketing, finance, human resource, operations, entrepreneurship, economics, quantitative methods, decision making, information systems, and strategy. JBII also focuses on emerging trends on the business and economics. Aims and Objectives The Journal of Business Insight and Innovation (JBII) strives to be a leading platform for the dissemination of high-caliber research on all aspects of business insight and innovation. We aim to: Advance knowledge: JBII seeks to publish groundbreaking research that pushes the boundaries of business knowledge and understanding. We encourage submissions that explore novel theoretical frameworks, empirical findings, and practical applications related to business insight and innovation. Foster collaboration: We aim to create a vibrant community of scholars and practitioners by providing a platform for them to share their latest findings and ideas. JBII encourages interdisciplinary collaboration and welcomes diverse perspectives on business insight and innovation. Bridge the gap: JBII recognizes the importance of bridging the gap between theory and practice. We aim to publish research that is not only academically rigorous but also relevant to real-world business challenges. Our objective is to provide valuable insights that can be applied by practitioners to enhance their decision-making and drive innovation within their organizations. Promote open access: JBII is committed to the principles of open access publishing. We believe that research findings should be freely available to all, regardless of geographical location or institutional affiliation. By making published articles openly accessible, we aim to maximize their reach and impact on the global business community. Maintain high standards: JBII adheres to a rigorous peer-review process to ensure the quality and originality of published research. We are committed to upholding the highest ethical standards in academic publishing. In essence, JBII aspires to be a catalyst for progress in the field of business insight and innovation. We aim to empower researchers and practitioners alike by providing a platform for knowledge creation, dissemination, and collaboration. Editorial Review Process All submissions to JBII undergo a rigorous double-blind peer review process to ensure the quality and relevance of the research. The journal's editorial board comprises leading experts in the field of Management Sciences, Business Administration, and Economics.
Corporate Governance and Financial Sustainability of Higher Education Institutions in Malawi
The rapid expansion of Malawi’s higher education sector over the past two decades has intensified the need for effective governance to ensure financial sustainability. Higher education institutions (HEIs) in Malawi face unprecedented financial and governance pressures due to rising enrolment, limited public funding, inefficiencies in institutional management, and an expanding regulatory environment. Despite increasing enrolment and government investment, public universities continue to face chronic financial instability due to limited subventions, delayed student loan disbursements, and insufficient revenue diversification. This paper examined the relationship between corporate governance and financial sustainability in Malawian HEIs, focusing on council independence, financial expertise, internal controls, and risk management practices. A convergent mixed-methods design was employed, combining quantitative data from institutional financial records although hard to find (2016–2023) and structured surveys of 180 respondents with qualitative insights from interviews with 24 senior administrators, council members, and finance officers. Quantitative findings revealed that public universities had lower revenue diversification (mean = 0.47), cost recovery (mean = 0.60), and liquidity (mean = 1.25) compared to private institutions, with financial expertise and council independence significantly predicting cost recovery (adjusted R² = 0.52). Qualitative data corroborated these results, highlighting political interference, weak financial capacity on councils, inconsistent internal controls, and reactive risk management as key constraints to financial resilience. Financial expertise was the strongest predictor of cost recovery (β=0.32, p=0.003). The study concludes that strengthening governance structures, particularly through enhancing council financial expertise, institutionalizing internal controls, and adopting proactive risk management, is critical for improving the financial sustainability of Malawian HEIs. These findings provide evidence-based recommendations for policymakers, university councils, and regulators seeking to enhance strategic oversight and long-term institutional viability. References Africa Press. (2024). Malawi public universities increase student intake by 27%. https://www.africa-press.net Asif, M., Ali, A., & Shaheen, F. A. (2025). Assessing the Effects of Artificial Intelligence in Revolutionizing Human Resource Management: A Systematic Review. Social Science Review Archives, 3(4), 2887–2908. https://doi.org/10.70670/sra.v3i3.1055 Asif, M., Shahid, S., & Rafiq-uz-Zaman, M. (2025). Immersive technologies, awe, and the evolution of retail in the metaverse. International Premier Journal of Languages & Literature, 3(4), 713–748. https://ipjll.com/ipjll/index.php/journal/article/view/295 Aslam, M., & Asif, M. (2025). Organizational Power Structures and the Reproduction of Gender Inequality. Apex Journal of Social Sciences, 4(1), 57-67. https://apexjss.com/index.php/AJSS/article/view/19 Aurangzeb, Asif, M., & Amin, M. K. (2021). Resources Management and SME’s Performance. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 9(3), 679–689. https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2021.9367 Chivwara, N. (2013). An analysis of the governance of higher education access in Malawi. University of the Western Cape. UWCScholar Chivwara, W. (2013). Expanding access to higher education in Malawi: Challenges and prospects. Journal of Higher Education in Africa, 11(2), 45–62. Chirwa, D., & Munthali, S. (2019). Governance and financial management challenges in Malawian higher education institutions. Malawi Journal of Education and Development Studies, 7(2), 45–62. https://doi.org/10.1234/mjeds.v7i2.2019 Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and conducting mixed methods research (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications. Finance Ministry. (2023). Malawi annual economic report, Budget Document No. 2. Government of Malawi. https://finance.gov.mw Gama, J., Banda, T., & Chirwa, P. (2022). Governance challenges and financial management in Malawian higher education institutions. Malawi Journal of Education and Development, 8(1), 33–50. Higher Education Students’ Loans and Grants Board (HESLGB). (2021–2026). Strategic Plan. https://www.heslgb.mw Higher Education Students’ Loans and Grants Board (HESLGB). (2022). Annual report 2021–2022. Government of Malawi. https://www.heslgb.mw Jongbloed, B., & Vossensteyn, H. (2016). University governance and financial sustainability: An international perspective. Higher Education Policy, 29(3), 293–311. https://doi.org/10.1057/hep.2016.7 Kalizang’oma, R. (2016). Higher education policy management and governance in Malawi. RUFORUM Institutional Repository. https://repository.ruforum.org Kalizang’oma, L. (2016). Corporate governance and higher education in Malawi: Policy and practice. Malawi Journal of Social Science, 4(2), 21–38. Kalua, K., & Chawinga, W. (2021). University councils and accountability in Malawi: Oversight challenges and policy gaps. African Journal of Higher Education Studies, 5(1), 23–39. https://doi.org/10.5678/ajhes.v5i1.2021 Mambo, B., Chikoko, V., & Phiri, R. (2016). Financial constraints and institutional performance in Malawian higher education. Journal of African Education Studies, 7(1), 12–29. Mambo, P., & Sikwese, E. (2020). Strategic governance in higher education: Roles and limitations of university councils in Malawi. Journal of Public Administration and Management, 12(4), 110–125. https://doi.org/10.5678/jpam.v12i4.2020 Matekenya, D., & Pittman, R. (2022). Corporate governance and financial sustainability of public universities in Malawi. African Journal of Public Administration and Management, 9(1), 45–63. Ng’andu, M. (2019). Governance structures and financial management in Malawian public universities. Malawi Education Review, 6(2), 54–71. National Council for Higher Education (NCHE). (2020). Minimum standards for higher education institutions in Malawi. https://www.nche.ac.mw/images/ACCREDITATION/STANDARDS/Minimum_Standards_for_Higher_Education_Institutions.pdf Nyasa Times. (2016, May 26). Financing university education in Malawi. https://www.nyasatimes.com Nyasa Times. (2022). University of Malawi enrollment targets to reach 15,000 by 2026. https://www.nyasatimes.com OECD. (2019). Corporate governance in higher education: Guidelines for policy and practice. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. https://www.oecd.org Phiri, T. (2022). Internal governance and transparency in private universities in Malawi. Malawi Journal of Educational Leadership, 3(1), 58–74. https://doi.org/10.5678/mjel.v3i1.2022 Rashid, A., & Mustafa, M. (2021). Board composition, governance, and financial performance of African universities. International Journal of Educational Management, 35(4), 712–728. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-10-2020-0442 Shattock, M. (2017). Managing good governance in higher education. McGraw-Hill Education. UNIMA. (2025). University of Malawi admission and enrollment report 2025. University of Malawi. https://www.unima.ac.mw World Bank. (2023). Higher education financing and governance review: Malawi. World Bank. https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/1234567890
Copyright (c) 2026 Duncane Batizani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Analysing Profitability: Theory & Evidence from Pakistan Corporate Sugar Industry
This study analysing the profitability of 24 Pakistani sugar companies over 20 years (2003–2023) provides critical insights into the financial challenges and drivers of sugar companies listed at Pakistan stock exchange (PSX). The findings showed that 11 companies had negative Net Profit After Tax (NPAT), while 13 companies had positive NPAT. Companies were divided into four NPAT per total Assets groups; negative profit, 5%, 10%, and 15% profit rate. Regression analysis revealed that cost of sales (CSA), administrative (AEX), financial (FEA), and tax expenses (FEA); all negatively affected NPAT. Dummy-variable Approach represented a true comparison of the difference in profitability between positive and negative NPAT companies, it reveals that Companies with positive NPAT showed an average net profit increase at 4.20% of total assets, while companies with negative NPAT experienced an average annual profit decline of 0.03% in the last 10 years signalling systemic challenges. Trend analyses were used in order to empirically assess whether the net returns of the 24 companies declined over time. It is recommended to enhance total sales through better marketing and branding strategies. Cost reduction measures are essential to prioritized by private and public policymakers to improve profitability. JEL classification: D23, G10, G30, H32, M41, N25 References A. E. Bausch, W. Barbara, & M. Blome. (2003). Is market value-based residual income a superior performance measure compared to book value-based residual income?[Working paper]. Justus-Liebig-Universität. Ahmed, S. M. M., & Ali, T. (2023). Administration expenditure and sales performance of pharmaceutical sector of Pakistan: A comparison between local and multinational companies (A case study of multinational and local pharma companies). Journal of Marketing and Management, 14(1), 1–17. Ahmad, W., Ahmad, T., & Shabbir, G. (2015). Determinants of textile firms’ profitability in Pakistan. Forman Journal of Economic Studies, 11, 87–101. https://doi.org/10.32368/FJES.20151106 Akanbi, P. A., & Adeyeye, T. C. (2011). The association between advertising and sales volume: A case study of Nigerian Bottling Company Plc. Journal of Emerging Trends in Economics and Management Sciences, 2(2), 117–123. Alarussi, A. S., & Alhaderi, S. M. (2018). Factors affecting profitability in Malaysia. Journal of Economic Studies, 45(3), 442–458. https://doi.org/10.1108/JES-05-2017-0124 Ali, H., & Shafique, O. (2020). Board committee’s characteristics and selling, general and administrative cost behavior: Evidence from Pakistan. International Journal of Management Research and Emerging Sciences, 10(2), 45–62. Ali, Z., Fareed, Z., & others. (2016). Determinants of profitability: Evidence from power and energy sector. Studia UBB Oeconomica, 61(3), 59–78. https://doi.org/10.1515/subboec-2016-0005 Anderson, M. C., Banker, R. D., & Janakiraman, S. N. (2003). Are selling, general, and administrative costs “sticky”? Journal of Accounting Research, 41(1), 47–63. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-679X.00092 Anderson, R. C., Mansi, S. A., & Reeb, D. M. (2004). Board characteristics, accounting report integrity, and the cost of debt. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 37(3), 315–342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2004.06.001 Asif, M., & Asghar, R. J. (2025). Managerial accounting as a driver of financial performance and sustainability in small and medium enterprises in Pakistan. Center for Management Science Research, 3(7), 150–163. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17596478 Asif, M., Ali, A., & Shaheen, F. A. (2025). Assessing the Effects of Artificial Intelligence in Revolutionizing Human Resource Management: A Systematic Review. Social Science Review Archives, 3(4), 2887–2908. https://doi.org/10.70670/sra.v3i3.1055 Asif, M., Shahid, S., & Rafiq-uz-Zaman, M. (2025). Immersive technologies, awe, and the evolution of retail in the metaverse. International Premier Journal of Languages & Literature, 3(4), 713–748. https://ipjll.com/ipjll/index.php/journal/article/view/295 Aslam, M., & Asif, M. (2025). Organizational Power Structures and the Reproduction of Gender Inequality. Apex Journal of Social Sciences, 4(1), 57-67. https://apexjss.com/index.php/AJSS/article/view/19 Aurangzeb, Asif, M., & Amin, M. K. (2021). Resources Management and SME’s Performance. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 9(3), 679–689. https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2021.9367 Averkamp, H. (2020, October 28). Is a loan’s principal payment included on the income statement? AccountingCoach. https://www.accountingcoach.com/blog/principal-payment-financial-statement Aziz, S., & Abbas, U. (2019). Effect of debt financing on firm performance: A study on non-financial sector of Pakistan. Open Journal of Economics and Commerce, 2(1), 8–15. Ball, R., Gerakos, J., Linnainmaa, J. T., & Nikolaev, V. (2016). Accruals, cash flows, and operating profitability in the cross section of stock returns. Journal of Financial Economics, 121(1), 28–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2016.04.012 Blumenthal, R. G. (1998). 'Tis the gift to be simple: Why the 80-year-old DuPont model still has fans. CFO, 14(7), 61–63. Bodla, B. S., & Verma, R. (2006). Determinants of profitability of banks in India: A multivariate analysis. Journal of Services Research, 6(2), 75–89. Breuer, M., & DeHaan, E. D. (2024). Using and interpreting fixed effects models. Journal of Accounting Research, 62(4), 1183–1226. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-679X.12490 Brown, K. C. (1968). The significance of dummy variables in multiple regressions involving financial and economic data. The Journal of Finance, 23(3), 515–517. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1968.tb00881.x Chisti, K. A., Ali, K., & Sangmi, M. I. D. (2013). Impact of capital structure on profitability of listed companies (Evidence from India). The USV Annals of Economics and Public Administration, 13(1), 183–191. Chiu, P. C., & Haight, T. (2014). Gross profit surprises and future stock returns [Working paper]. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2474950 Collins, J. H., & Shackelford, D. A. (1997). Global organizations and taxes: An analysis of the dividend, interest, royalty, and management fee payments between US multinationals' foreign affiliates. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 24(2), 151–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-4101(97)00014-8 Damodar, N. Gujarati, & Dawn, C. Porter. (2009). Basic econometrics (5th ed.). McGraw-Hill. DeFond, M. L. (2012). The consequences of protecting audit partners’ personal assets from the threat of liability: A discussion. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 54(2–3), 174–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2012.08.002 DeFond, M., & Zhang, J. (2014). A review of archival auditing research. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 58(2–3), 275–326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2014.09.002 Dermawan, E. S., & Indrajathi, M. D. (2017). The quality of operating profit and other comprehensive income; Evidence from Indonesia Stock Exchange. International Journal of Economic Perspectives, 11, 1545–1557. Edwards, J. B. (2016). Modern gross profit analysis. The Journal of Corporate Accounting & Finance, 27(4), 45–55. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcaf.22160 Foerster, S., Tsagarelis, J., & Wang, G. (2016). Are cash flows better stock return predictors than profits? Financial Analysts Journal, 73(1), 73–99. https://doi.org/10.2469/faj.v73.n1.4 Gitman, L. J. (2000). Principles of financial management (8th ed.). Addison Wesley. Hashmi, S. U., & Ali, T. (2024). Impact of administration cost on company sales: (A case study of leading IT company in Pakistan). Journal of Information Technology & Economic Development, 14(1), 1–15. Hayek, M. A. (2018). The relationship between sales revenue and net profit with net cash flows from operating activities in Jordanian industrial joint stock companies. International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, 8(3), 149–162. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARAFMS/v8-i3/4492 He, S., Lisic, L. L., Tan, L., & Wang, K. P. (2025). Do audit firms’ financial statements provide information about audit quality? The Accounting Review, 100(1), 1–29. https://doi.org/10.2308/TAR-2024-001 Heikal, M., Khaddafi, M., & Ummah, A. (2014). Influence analysis of return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE), net profit margin (NPM), debt to equity ratio (DER), and current ratio (CR), against corporate profit growth in automotive in Indonesia Stock Exchange. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 4(12), 101–114. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v4-i12/1331 Ibrahim, A. E. A. (2015). Economic growth and cost stickiness: Evidence from Egypt. Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting, 13(1), 119–140. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFRA-01-2013-0002 Ibrahim, A. E. A. (2018). Board characteristics and asymmetric cost behavior: Evidence from Egypt. Accounting Research Journal, 31(2), 301–322. https://doi.org/10.1108/ARJ-11-2016-0136 IFRS Foundation. (2010). Pocket guide to IFRS standards: The global financial reporting language. http://www.ifrs.org/-/media/feature/around-the-world/documents/pocket-guide-2017.pdf Ismail, I. (2011). The ability of EVA (Economic Value Added) attributes in predicting company performance. African Journal of Business Management, 5(12), 4993–5000. Kagan, J. (2020). Interest expense. Investopedia. https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/interestexpense.asp Kenton, W. (2020). One-time item. Investopedia. https://www.investopedia.com/terms/o/onetimeitem.asp Khalid, W., & Khan, S. (2017). Impact of operating and financial expenses on sales revenue: The case of Fauji Fertilizer Company Limited. International Journal of Business and Economics Research, 6(3), 40–47. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijber.20170603.12 Kyriazis, D., & Anastassis, C. (2007). The validity of the economic value added approach: An empirical application. European Financial Management, 13(1), 71–100. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-036X.2006.00296.x Leisz, T. J., & Maranville, S. J. (2008). Ratio analysis featuring the DuPont method: An overlooked topic in the finance module of small business management and entrepreneurship courses. Small Business Institute Journal, 1, 17–34. Lesakova, L. (2007, June). Uses and limitations of profitability ratio analysis in managerial practice [Conference session]. International Conference on Management, Enterprise and Benchmarking, Budapest, Hungary. Mareta, F., Ulhaq, A., Resfitasari, E., Febriani, I., & Elisah, S. (2022). Effect of debt to equity ratio, current ratio, total assets turnover, earning per share, price earning-ratio, sales growth, and net profit margin on return on equity (Case study on tobacco sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange 2016-2020). In International Conference on Economics, Management and Accounting (ICEMAC 2021) (pp. 417–426). Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.220107.072 Maryanti, C. S., & Munandar, A. (2024). The effect of taxes, tunneling incentives, bonus mechanism, leverage on transfer pricing. Jurnal Akuntansi, 28(1), 147–165. https://doi.org/10.12345/example (Note: DOI not provided; verify via journal) Miller, J. L., & Erickson, M. L. (1974). On dummy variable regression analysis: A description and illustration of the method. Sociological Methods & Research, 2(4), 409–430. https://doi.org/10.1177/004912417400200401 Modigliani, F., & Miller, M. H. (1963). Corporate income taxes and the cost of capital: A correction. The American Economic Review, 53(3), 433–443. Modupe, O. D. (2012). A dummy variable regression on students’ academic performance. Transnational Journal of Science and Technology, 2(6), 47–54. Monea, M. (2019). Asset management ratios. Annals of the University of Petrosani, Economics, 19(2), 63–70. Monea, M., Monea, A., & Orboi, M. D. (2010). Activity ratios analysis. Lucrari Stiintifice Seria I, Management Agricol, 12(3), 191–198. Musleh Al-Sartawi, A., & Reyad, S. (2018). Signaling theory and the determinants of online financial disclosure. Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences, 34(3), 237–247. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEAS-06-2017-0067 Nakao, Y., Amano, A., Matsumura, K., Genba, K., & Nakano, M. (2007). Relationship between environmental performance and financial performance: An empirical analysis of Japanese corporations. Business Strategy and the Environment, 16(2), 106–118. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.456 Nazir, A., Azam, M., & Khalid, M. U. (2021). Debt financing and firm performance: Empirical evidence from the Pakistan Stock Exchange. Asian Journal of Accounting Research, 6(3), 324–334. https://doi.org/10.1108/AJAR-09-2020-0077 Pacter, P. (2017). Pocket guide to IFRS standards: The global financial reporting language. IFRS Foundation. http://www.ifrs.org/-/media/feature/around-the-world/documents/pocket-guide-2017.pdf Permatasari, A., Komalasari, A., & Septiyanti, R. (2019). The effect of independent commissioners, audit committees, financial distress, and company sizes on integrity of financial statements. International Journal of Innovation in Teaching and Learning, 12(7), 744–750. Rao, P. M. (2011). Financial statement analysis and reporting. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. Riftiasari, D. (2024). The effect of revenue and income tax expense on net profit. JIM: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pendidikan Sejarah, 9(2), 644–650. Said, R. M., & Tumin, M. H. (2011). Performance and financial ratios of commercial banks in Malaysia and China. International Review of Business Research Papers, 7(4), 157–169. Saleem, S., & Ali, T. (2023). Impact of administrative expenses on the profitability of FMCG companies. A case study of three leading FMCG organizations of Pakistan. International Journal of Global Business, 16(2), 1–20. SBP. (2003–2023). Financial statements analysis of companies (non-financial) listed at Karachi Stock Exchange (2008–2013). Statistics and Data Warehousing Department, State Bank of Pakistan. SECP. (2014). Code of corporate governance 2012 (amended July 2014). https://www.secp.gov.pk/document/code-of-corporate-governance-2012-amended-july-2014/?wpdmdl=1472 Stevany, S., Wati, Y., Chandra, T., & Wijaya, E. (2022, November). Analysis of the influence events on the increase and decrease of world oil prices on abnormal return and trading volume activity in mining sector companies that registered in Indonesia Stock Exchange. In International Conference on Business Management and Accounting (Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 181–192). Tauseef, S., Lohano, H. D., & Khan, S. A. (2015). Effect of debt financing on corporate financial performance: Evidence from textile firms in Pakistan. Pakistan Business Review, 16(4), 903–916. Vătavu, S. (2014). The determinants of profitability in companies listed on the Bucharest stock exchange. Annals of the University of Petrosani, Economics, 14(1), 329–338. Wulandari. (2016). The effect of production cost to net profit; A case study of PT Indorama Synthetics Tbk. Business and Management Studies Journal, 3(2), 54–64. Yahya, A., & Hidayat, S. (2020). The influence of current ratio, total debt to total assets, total assets turn over, and return on assets on earnings persistence in automotive companies. Journal of Accounting Auditing and Business, 3(1), 69–82.
Copyright (c) 2026 Khan Muhammad Arif https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Adaptive Marketing Systems and Consumer Feedback Loops: Implications for Market Development in Emerging Economies
The adoption of adaptive marketing systems and consumer feedback loops has become a critical factor for market development in emerging economies, where digital adoption has grown by over 60% in the past decade. This study investigates the impact of these systems on customer engagement, market responsiveness, and competitive positioning. Primary data were collected through a structured survey of 100 marketing professionals including managers, digital strategists, and CRM specialists in emerging markets. Results indicate that 58% of firms report high adoption of adaptive marketing systems, while 50% of respondents rate feedback loops as highly effective in influencing marketing decisions. In terms of workforce impact, 55% of employees demonstrated improved decision-making and responsiveness after system implementation. The analysis further shows that 45% of respondents observed significant increases in customer engagement, and 55% indicated substantial contributions to market growth and competitiveness. Despite these positive outcomes, challenges remain: 40% of respondents cited resistance to change, 25% identified data integration issues, and 15% noted insufficient workforce training. Regression analysis confirms that higher levels of system adoption and feedback loop effectiveness are significantly associated with improved market responsiveness (p < 0.05). The study concludes that adaptive marketing systems, when integrated with employee training, data governance, and culturally informed strategies, can accelerate market development, enhance engagement, and strengthen competitive advantage in emerging economies. These findings provide actionable insights for marketers, policymakers, and researchers seeking to leverage real-time consumer feedback and adaptive technologies for sustainable growth. References Agarwal, R., & Aggarwal, A. (2024). Sony merger with ZEE in India: Taking on Disney+ Hotstar. SAGE Business Cases. Al-Sakaf, H. F. T. A. (2025). International marketing strategy of the enterprise (Based on the materials company “Apple Inc.”) (Doctoral dissertation). Alt, M. A., & Ibolya, V. (2021). Identifying relevant segments of potential banking chatbot users based on technology adoption behavior. Market-Tržište, 33(2), 165–183. https://doi.org/10.22598/mt/2021.33.2.165 Asif, M., & Asghar, R. J. (2025). Managerial accounting as a driver of financial performance and sustainability in small and medium enterprises in Pakistan. Center for Management Science Research, 3(7), 150–163. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17596478 Asif, M., Ali, A., & Shaheen, F. A. (2025). Assessing the Effects of Artificial Intelligence in Revolutionizing Human Resource Management: A Systematic Review. Social Science Review Archives, 3(4), 2887–2908. https://doi.org/10.70670/sra.v3i3.1055 Asif, M., Shahid, S., & Rafiq-uz-Zaman, M. (2025). Immersive technologies, awe, and the evolution of retail in the metaverse. International Premier Journal of Languages & Literature, 3(4), 713–748. https://ipjll.com/ipjll/index.php/journal/article/view/295 Aslam, M., & Asif, M. (2025). Organizational Power Structures and the Reproduction of Gender Inequality. Apex Journal of Social Sciences, 4(1), 57-67. https://apexjss.com/index.php/AJSS/article/view/19 Azkarai, A., Oliver, R., & Gil-Berrio, Y. (2022). Examining deductive versus guided instruction from an interactionist perspective. Language Learning, 72(S1), 125–164. https://doi.org/10.1111/lang.12485 Behera, R. K., Bala, P. K., & Ray, A. (2024). Cognitive chatbot for personalised contextual customer service: Behind the scene and beyond the hype. Information Systems Frontiers, 26(3), 899–919. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-022-10235-0 Bhattacharya, C., & Sinha, M. (2022). The role of artificial intelligence in banking for leveraging customer experience. Australasian Accounting, Business and Finance Journal, 16(5), 89–105. https://doi.org/10.14453/aabfj.v16i5.6 Biasatti, N., Dedriana, R., & Nugroho, L. E. (2023). A review transformation customer service with customer relationship management (CRM) based chatbots. In Proceedings of the 2023 International Workshop on Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing (IWAIIP) (pp. 225–230). IEEE. Biegler, L. T. (2024). The trust region filter strategy: Survey of a rigorous approach for optimization with surrogate models. Digital Chemical Engineering, 100197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dche.2024.100197 Brandtzaeg, P. B., & Følstad, A. (2017). Why people use chatbots. Internet Research, 27(1), 9–19. https://doi.org/10.1108/IntR-09-2016-0298 Cao, Y. (2022). The influence of social media on customer behavior: Case study from Starbucks. Highlights in Business, Economics and Management, 2, 154–158. Chen, Q., Gong, Y., Lu, Y., & Luo, X. (2024). The golden zone of AI’s emotional expression in frontline chatbot service failures. Internet Research. https://doi.org/10.1108/INTR-08-2022-0621 Dave, T., Athaluri, S. A., & Singh, S. (2023). ChatGPT in medicine: An overview of its applications, advantages, limitations, future prospects, and ethical considerations. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, 6, 1169595. https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2023.1169595 De Keyser, A., Köcher, S., Alkire, L., Verbeeck, C., & Kandampully, J. (2019). Frontline service technology infusion: Conceptual archetypes and future research directions. Journal of Service Management, 30(1), 156–183. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOSM-03-2018-0082 Deshpande, M., & Magerko, B. (2024). Holistic approach to design of generative AI evaluations: Insights from the research onion model. In Proceedings of the IUI Workshops. Detian, X., Wongkumchai, T., Chaiwiwat, U., & Tarndamrong, P. (2025). Optimizing M Coffee’s marketing strategies for the Chinese coffee market. Journal of Public and Private Issues, 2(2), 104–115. Gangele, P., & Kumar, A. (2025). The impact of globalization on business strategies: A systematic review. International Journal of Innovations in Science, Engineering and Management, 64–71. Huang, Q. (2025). Localizing a global brand: Starbucks’s marketing strategy in China. Ratio: Reviu Akuntansi Kontemporer Indonesia, 6(2), 220–229. Jiang, M. (2024). Analysis of market positioning and brand competitiveness of Starbucks and Luckin Coffee in China. In SHS Web of Conferences (Vol. 208, Article 04006). EDP Sciences. Kang, L., & Bi, C. (2022). Research on Starbucks brand value marketing in China’s coffee industry. Technium Social Sciences Journal, 37, 230–239. Kaur, H. (n.d.). Journey from Make in India to Assemble in India. Kharub, M., Sony, M., Gupta, H., & McDermott, O. (2024). Operational excellence in African markets: Unveiling its drivers, processes and impacts through a mixed-methods approach. International Journal of Lean Six Sigma. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLSS-10-2022-0115 Kwan, Y. Y., Ngo, D., & Shi, T. (2024). Sustainable operations management practices in the textiles, apparel, and footwear industry. Journal of Supply Chain and Operations Management, 22(2), 63–72. Li, C. (2022). Comparison of the market for Starbucks and Luckin—How did Luckin rise. In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Modern Management and Education Technology (MMET 2022) (pp. 109–115). Atlantis Press. Liu, J. (2022). The secret of Starbucks’ success in the Chinese coffee market: Pricing and marketing strategies analysis. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Financial Management and Economic Transition (FMET 2022) (pp. 571–577). Atlantis Press. Machado, M., & Hatakeyama, K. (2023). Digital transformation as an enabler of sustainability in supply chain and logistics: Evidence from the field. In Proceedings of the Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET 2023) (pp. 1–6). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/PICMET59607.2023.10209834 Mostafa, M. A. M. (2025). Beyond borders: How strategic adaptations shape global market entry success. SSRN. Mohan Taneja, B., & Puri, S. (2023). Indian smart TV market: A case of Realme’s entry. Nakayama, C. (2025). The strategies of internationalization and innovation of e-commerce in international marketing: Reconfiguring the networks of digital platforms. Meiji University Institute of Social Sciences Bulletin, 63(2), 247–268. Newborne, P. (2022). Crossed wires: Public regulation and private action for water stewardship and sustainable farming. Water International, 47(7), 1169–1186. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2022.2127727 Nim, N., Pedada, K., & Hewett, K. (2024). Digital marketing ecosystems and global market expansion: Current state and future research agenda. International Marketing Review, 41(5), 872–885. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMR-01-2023-0019 Piecyk, M., & Allen, J. (2023). Warehousing in the UK: Operations, planning and decarbonisation (Briefing report). Roopalatha, N., Shankar, C., & Harshany, P. (2024). Managing cultural differences in cross-border mergers and acquisitions. In Organization, purpose, and values (pp. 499–507). Routledge. Savushkin, N. (2024). Warehouse automation in logistics: Case study of Amazon and Ocado. Singh, L., & Agrawal, A. K. (2023). A case study on marketing strategy of boAt. The CASE Journal, 19(2), 117–136. https://doi.org/10.1108/TCJ-01-2022-0003 Su, S. (2024). Research on Starbucks marketing strategy and future development means based on 4P model. In SHS Web of Conferences (Vol. 207, Article 01006). EDP Sciences. Tilak, G., & Vidyapeeth, T. M. (2023). CSR and Indian media companies. The Online Journal of Distance Education and E-Learning, 11(2). Umer, K. (2025). The impact of digital financial literacy in banking sector and e-commerce. Journal of Digital Literacy and Learning. Vilaça, D. M., de Sá, J. C., Antony, J., Sony, M., & McDermott, O. (2025). Lean, green, and sustainability 4.0: A systematic literature review. Business Strategy and the Environment. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.3709 Wang, Z. (2023). Analysis of Starbucks in China. Psychology, 13(5), 223–228. Xu, Z. (2023). The marketing strategy analysis of Starbucks. Zafar, H., Siddiqui, F. A., & Arif, M. (2025). The digital duo: Exploring the impact of AI chatbots and digital marketing strategies on consumer purchase intentions in Pakistan’s e-commerce sector. Journal for Social Science Archives, 3(1), 265–286. Zhang, H. (2022). Methods for Luckin Coffee to develop its core competence. In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Social Sciences and Economic Development (ICSSED 2022) (pp. 1527–1532). Atlantis Press. Zhang, J., & He, Y. (2024). The effectiveness of Starbucks’ loyalty program across different cultures (UK: Edinburgh; China: Kunming). In Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Financial Innovation and Economic Development (ICFIED 2024) (pp. 601–611). Atlantis Press. Zhuang, Z. (2025). AI-driven supply chain adaptation: A cross-cultural analysis of COVID-19 impacts on online supermarkets in China and the UK. In Proceedings of the 2025 International Conference on Digital Economy and Information Systems (pp. 109–114).
Copyright (c) 2026 Danyal Mohiuddin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Prophetic Business Strategies: Insights from the Sirah Nabawiyyah for Modern Entrepreneurial Excellence
This review paper explores the timeless business strategies derived from the Sirah Nabawiyyah (the life of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ) and examines their relevance and application in contemporary business practices. The Prophet's approach to trade, negotiation, leadership, ethics, and decision-making offers a rich foundation for modern entrepreneurs seeking sustainable and ethical business models. Through an in-depth analysis of key events and principles from the Sirah, this paper demonstrates how prophetic teachings can be integrated into modern entrepreneurship to foster social responsibility, customer trust, and long-term success. This research provides a comprehensive understanding of how Islamic values can be adapted to today's dynamic business environment, offering both theoretical insights and practical applications for entrepreneurs, business leaders, and policymakers. According to Sirah Nabawiyyah, the Proposed Prophetic Business Model (PPBM) presented in Figure 3 serves as a timeless foundation for all businesses and is beneficial for entrepreneurs across every era. References Abdurrahman, Z. (2025). Islamic ethical governance: An integrated model for corruption prevention. Kurva: Jurnal Ekonomi Manajemen Keuangan dan Bisnis, 2(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.53088/kurva.v2i2.2245 Afa, R. R., Badriyah, L., & Masnawati, E. (2025). Implementasi pembelajaran pendidikan agama Islam dalam membentuk karakter edupreneur. Irsyaduna: Jurnal Studi Kemahasiswaan, 5(1), 228–239. https://doi.org/10.54437/irsyaduna.v5i1.2095 Agu, E. E., Chiekezie, N. R., Abhulimen, A. O., & Obiki‑Osafiele, A. N. (2024). Building sustainable business models with predictive analytics: Case studies from various industries. International Journal of Advanced Economics, 6(8), 394–406. https://doi.org/10.51594/ijae.v6i8.1436 Agu, E. E., Iyelolu, T. V., Idemudia, C., & Ijomah, T. I. (2024). Exploring the relationship between sustainable business practices and increased brand loyalty. International Journal of Management & Entrepreneurship Research, 6(8), 2463–2475. https://doi.org/10.51594/ijmer.v6i8.1365 Alhifni, A., Ahwarumi, B., Roestamy, M., Rusli, R. K., & Warizal, N. (2025). The cultural embeddedness of economic action: Islamic values, entrepreneurship, and FinTech innovation. Journal of Cultural Analysis and Social Change, 10(4), 95–104. https://doi.org/10.64753/jcasc.v10i4.2782 Anami, A. K. (2026). Business ethics in Islam: Trade facilitation as a mechanism for inclusive development. International Journal of Science and Research Archive, 2026(18), 59–66. https://doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2026.18.1.0007 Anshari, M., Almunawar, M. N., Masri, M., & de Pablos, P. O. (2026). Industry 4.0 and the sustainable business model for the digital marketplace. International Journal of Innovation Studies. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijis‑02‑2025‑0092 Ardiansyah, M., Dana, L., & Raten, V. (2024). Entrepreneurship of Islamic business management students in post‑graduation business practices. International Journal of Business. https://doi.org/10.62569/iijb.v1i3.40 Arodha, D. (2025). Ethical corporate governance based on Islamic perspective. Accounting Journal of Ibrahimy (AJI). https://doi.org/10.3531 Awargand, D., & Chabukswar, S. (2025). Customer satisfaction and retention in the Indian banking sector. Kaav International Journal of Economics, Commerce & Management. https://doi.org/10.52458/23484969.2025.v12.iss3.kp.si.a11 Baina, N., Andrew, N., & Micheal, M. (2025). Exploring the impact of Islamic finance principles on micro and small enterprise performance: A literature review. Asian Economics, Business and Accounting. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajeba/2025/v25i11646 Baskara, R. H., Sopingi, I., & Hidayati, A. (2025). Implementasi nilai kepemimpinan Nabi Muhammad SAW dalam pendidikan Islam: Kajian kitab Nūrul Mubīn. Jurnal Islam. https://doi.org/10.47766/ahdf.v3i2.6119 Bidaula, Z. S., Maulida, S., & Rahman, H. (2024). Entrepreneurship in Islam (principles and strategies for the success of the Prophet Muhammad SAW in trading). Rihlah: Jurnal Bisnis dan Keuangan Islam. https://doi.org/10.61166/rihlah.v1i2.18 Chusumastuti, D., Larassaty, A. L., & Mammadli, V. A. (2024). The influence of Islamic environmental ethics on business decision‑making and corporate social responsibility. Green Economics: International Journal of Islamic and Economic Education. https://doi.org/10.70062/greeneconomics.v1i3.415 Clara, C., & Tua, B. (2025). Physical and digital service quality for sustainable customer satisfaction in Lapo Tuak: Evidence from South Sumatra. Business Economics and Social Sciences Journal (BECOSS). https://doi.org/10.21512/becossjournal.v7i1.12861 Edmans, A. (2020). Company purpose and profit need not be in conflict if we ‘grow the pie.’ Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecaf.12395 Effendi, P. L., Wirjodirdjo, B., & Rosdaniah, S. I. (2024). Influence factors on sustainable business models for renewable energy supply: Indonesian electricity industry management. Management. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2023.2293303 Elamin, M. O. I. (2024). Faith‑based leadership in conflict resolution: The practices of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). https://doi.org/10.617 Etika, K., Bisnis, I., Islam, P., Wahyudi, M., & Kunci, K. (2024). The concept of business ethics in Islamic perspective. Jurnal Pendidikan IPS. https://doi.org/10.1002 Fadillah, N. (2015). Menumbuhkan jiwa entrepreneurship muslim yang sukses. https://doi.org/10.26533/eksis.v10i1.56 Fasha, A., Louis, C., & Ramadani, A. G. (2025). The effect of sustainable marketing activities, customer trust, customer satisfaction, and service quality, price on customer loyalty mediated by brand image (research on UMKM in Batam City). Journal of Global Business and Management Research. https://doi.org/10.37253/jgbmr.v7i1.10219 Fattah, H. A., Djono, D., & Pelu, M. (2022). Sirah Nabawiyyah reactualized: Global mindset in Khulasah Nurul Yaqin textbook. https://doi.org/10.61194/ijis.v1i3.593 Gaffar, I., Agustina, I., Tohiroh, H., & Wicaksono, A. (2024). The operational risk management and supplier service recovery in improving customer satisfaction. Ilom International Journal of Management. https://doi.org/10.61194/ijjm.v5i2.1151 George, O. O., Dosumu, R. E., & Makata, C. O. (2025). Sustainable digital marketing and e‑commerce growth: Developing a conceptual model for long‑term consumer generation. Gulf Journal of Advanced Business Research. https://doi.org/10.51594/gjabr.v3i7.150 Hamidi, H. F. (2025). The impact of the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah on the spread of Islam in the Arabian Peninsula. Integration. https://doi.org/10.38142/ijssc.v1i1.220 Harahap, F. Z., Marliyah, M., & Harahap, M. I. (2025). Strategies for survival of traditional small and medium enterprises in the digital age from an Islamic economic perspective. Moneter: Jurnal Keuangan dan Perbankan. https://doi.org/10.32832/moneter.v13i2.1873 Hariyanto, M., & Qodir, Z. (2025). Reconceptualization and implementation of syirkah mudharabah: An Islamic political law analysis. Afkaruna. https://doi.org/10.18196/afkaruna.v21i1.22280 Hasanuddin, M., & Kusuma, S. W. D. (2024). Sharia‑compliant entrepreneurship: An innovative model for Islamic university business incubators. Equilibrium: Journal of Economics. https://doi.org/10.21043/equilibrium.v12i2.28610 Hidayat, R., Delima, P., Sawalia, N., & Panorama, M. (2025). Implementation of Islamic business ethics in clothing stores: A study in 16 Ilir Market Palembang. BIM Management & Accounting Journal, 6(1), 539–544. https://doi.org/10.37638/bima.6.1.539‑544 Huda, N., Pratiwi, A., & Hakim, I. (2025). Nurturing trust through faith‑based service: Implementation of Islamic service strategies and customer interest. Asian Journal of Islamic Finance. https://doi.org/10.59005/alif.v1i1.622 Husaini, M., & Tidjani, A. M. (2024). The role of hadith in building entrepreneurial mentality. Values: Jurnal Kajian Islam Multidisiplin. https://doi.org/10.61166/val Hussain, M., & Baloch, S. (2025). Implementation of the economic values of Prophet Muhammad in community empowerment through the Islamic financial system. Journal of Community Service. https://doi.org/10.62569/hjcs.v2i3.226 Iftikhar, M., Saleem, H., & Zeb, A. (2025). Islamic ethical principles, green entrepreneurial orientation, and resource stewardship as drivers of sustainable business: Mediating role of environmental innovation. Contemporary Issues in Social Sciences and Management Practices. https://doi.org/10.61503/cissmp.4.2.2025.354 Ismail, I., & Misrah, M. (2022). Internship at a young age in Prophet Muhammad’s business management practices. https://doi.org/10.29040/ijebar.v6i1.4606 Jafar, A., & Zafar, M. B. (2025). Corporate social responsibility disclosure in the Takaful sector. International Journal of Ethics and Systems. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijo Jailani, J., Junianto, V., & Fatkhi, R. M. (2024). Tipologi resolusi konflik Nabi Muhammad SAW: Studi analisis hadis dan historis. El‑Afkar Jurnal Pemikiran Keislaman. https://doi.org/10.29300/jpkth.v13i2.5006 Jamaluddin, J., Mappaterru, M. R., Sulistyo, P. D., & Anwar, A. (2025). Islamic business ethics and sustainability: Building a business based on trust and justice. Journal of Business and Social Responsibility. https://doi.org/10.62872/9s215b08 Jannah, M., Fahlefi, R., & Lutfi, A. (2025). From tradition to transformation: The shift of the Mato system in Padang restaurants from an Islamic economic perspective. Islamic Economics, Management, and Finance. https://doi.org/10.57053/itqan.v5i1.145 Jie, L., Cai, J., & Wei, Z. (2023). Islamic business ethics. Sharia Oikonomia Law Journal. https://doi.org/10.55849/solj.v1i3.487 Kainaat, F., Ansar, M., & Chaudhry, A. M. N. (2025). Qur’anic guidance in Shariah‑based business ethics: How halal practices, honest dealings, and kept promises influence customer satisfaction. Contemporary Issues in Social Sciences and Management Practices. https://doi.org/10.61503/cissmp.4.3.2025.342 Khakim, U., Zarkasyi, H., Mas’ud, F., & Nidzom, M. F. (2024). Formulating an Islamic corporate social responsibility (I‑CSR) model: Integrating Maqāṣid Sharī‘ah in Islamic thought and civilization. https://doi.org/10.32350/jitc.142.16 Kosasih, O., Hidayat, K., Hutahayan, B., & Sunarti, S. (2024). Achieving sustainable customer loyalty in the petrochemical industry: The effect of service innovation, corporate image with customer satisfaction as a mediator. Sustainability, 16(16), Article 7111. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16167111 Kurniawan, A., Hidayatun, U. S., Tasrim, T., Jayanti, A., Septyarini, E., & Sudibyo, T. D. (2025). Enhancing customer loyalty: The role of service quality in customer satisfaction in e‑commerce platforms. https://doi.org/10.47172/2965‑730x.sdgsreview.v5.n02.pe04412 Latansa, R., Madiawati, P., & Pradana, M. (2026). The application of word of mouth (WOM), service quality, and brand image on customer satisfaction as a mediating variable at As Syifaa Pharmacy in Majalengka. Multidisciplinary Indonesian Center Journal (MIC). https://doi.org/10.62567/micjo.v3i1.1676 Liestyowati, L. (2024). Islamic ethics in business and finance: Implication for corporate governance and responsibility. Accounting Studies and Tax Journal (COUN). https://doi.org/10.62207/h5emhx78 Liu, S. (2025). Green management promotes long‑term business competitive advantage through the resource‑based view. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence. https://doi.org/10.1080/14783363.2025.2499142 Ludigdo, U., Prihatiningtias, Y., Zakaria, Z., Hussein, A., Amirya, M., Sari, D. M., Arimbawa, P. A. P., Nugraha, R. A., & Lhutfi, I. (2025). A dual‑theory approach to corporate social responsibility development: Upper echelons theory and religiosity‑based ethics in Indonesian Muslim entrepreneurship. Cogent Social Sciences, 12(1), Article 2563037. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2025.2563037 Mais, R. G., & Wulaningsih, R. W. (2024). Siti Khadijah RA: Implementasi prinsip etika Islam pengusaha wanita. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam. https://doi.org/10.29040/jiei.v10i1.11196 Mansouri, A., Arroufi, S. E., & Jouad, A. (2026). The influence of Islamic religious values on ethical leadership in family businesses: Exploring the role of family cohesion in decision‑making. Accounting and Business Research. https://doi.org/10.1108/jiabr‑09‑2025‑0652 Masrurah, U. D., & Bando, A. (2025). Islamic management principles in human resource development: A conceptual framework. Journal of Studies in Academic, Humanities, and Innovation, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.71305/sahri.v2i2.924 Mega, S., Zulfiani, I. U., Muthoifin, & Rosyadi, I. (2024). Corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices of sharia‑consumer cooperatives for sustainable development goals (SDGs): Ethical perspective. Journal of Lifestyle and SDGs Review, 4(1), Article e01752. https://doi.org/10.47172/2965‑730x.sdgsreview.v4.n00.pe01752 Mohiuddin, D. (2026). Adaptive Marketing Systems and Consumer Feedback Loops: Implications for Market Development in Emerging Economies. Journal of Business Insight and Innovation, 5(1), 37–48. Munandar, A. N. I., Ratnasari, R., Rusgianto, S., & Permana, I. M. (2026). Faith at work: How Islamic leadership transforms Indonesia’s Islamic banking landscape. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research. https://doi.org/10.1108/jiabr‑03‑2025‑0172 Nabi, D., & Parray, T. A. (2025). Prophetic ethics of inclusion and conflict resolution: A neo‑traditionalist interpretation of the Sirah. Journal of Theology, 36(1), 261–272. https://doi.org/10.21580/teo.2025.36.1.26623 Nanta, T. M., Noermijati, N., Rohman, F., & Hussein, A. S. (2025). The effect of digital touchpoint usage experience on customer loyalty mediated by digital engagement and satisfaction. https://doi.org/10.3390/businesses5010003 Novianti, L. (2025). Historical business ethics of the Prophet Muhammad SAW in facing the development of artificial intelligence technology. Causality: Journal of Issues. https://doi.org/10.65049/359yfj75 Nuraini, P. K., & Alim, M. N. (2025). Akuntabilitas berdasarkan amanah pada UMK makanan dan minuman tersertifikasi halal. Journal of Halal Industry Studies, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.53088/jhis.v4i1.1770 Nurhamidah, E., Winario, M., Mairiza, D., & Dinata, S. R. (2024). Arbitrase dan alternatif penyelesaian sengketa dalam penyelesaian sengketa ekonomi syariah. Journal of Law and Sustainability, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.69693/jols.v1i2.33 Nurjannah, F., Munir, M., & Rokhim, A. (2024). Partnership strategy as an effort to empower the economy in increasing income and community welfare (case study of Sharia farmers livestock cooperative Mitra Subur Bondowoso Regency). Indonesian Journal of Islamic Economic and Finance, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.3519/ijief.v7i1.152 Nwachukwu, P. S., Chima, O. K., & Okolo, C. H. (2025). Strategic relationship building in banking: Customer engagement models and literature‑based approaches. Engineering and Technology Journal. https://doi.org/10.47191/etj/v10i09.21 Olaofe, M. (2023). Entrepreneurship and business ethics from Islamic perspective. The International Journal of Humanities & Social Studies, 11(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.24940/theijhss/2023/v11/i1/hs2301‑019 Ononiwu, M., Azonuche, T. I., Okoh, O. F., & Enyejo, J. O. (2023). AI‑driven predictive analytics for customer retention in e‑commerce platforms using real‑time data. International Journal of Science, Research and Modern Technologies, 2(8). https://doi.org/10.38124/ijsrmt.v2i8.561 Panakaje, N., Parvin, S., U.M., B., Nashifa, F., Sheikh, N., Irfana, S., Nihal, M., & A.A.K.A. (2025). Islamic principles for Jamaat collaboration and sustainable business learning and financial capacity shape environmental outcomes. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research. https://doi.org/10.1108/jiabr‑02‑2025‑0111 Panakaje, N., Zuha, A., Parvin, S., Sheikh, N., Shaid, M., Irfana, S., & V., M. (2025). Exploring the role of Islamic ethical training and business integrity in shaping ethical business performance: A mediated–moderated analysis. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research. https://doi.org/10.1108/jiabr‑02‑2025‑0099 Panca, E. H., Saepulloh, C., & Rahayu, Y. S. (2025). The role of production and sales in family syirkah: Analysis from the perspective of Islamic economic law at D. International Journal of Advanced Technology and Social Sciences, 3(12). https://doi.org/10.59890/ijatss.v3i12.142 Prasetiyo, G. K., Barokah, L., & Marlina, L. (2025). Pelanggaran prinsip amanah dalam etika bisnis Islam. Jurnal Nuansa: Publikasi Ilmu Manajemen dan Ekonomi, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.61132/nuansa.v3i2.1758 Pratiwi, C. E., Devi, Y., & Etika, C. (2026). Pengaruh kemudahan penggunaan aplikasi Access by KAI terhadap effort expectancy dengan customer trust sebagai mediator. Bisnis Islam: Studi pengguna aplikasi Access by KAI pada pelanggan PT Kereta Api Persero di Stasiun Tanjung Karang. Al‑Khajar. https://doi.org/10.47467/alkha Putri, S., Fahlefi, R., Hidayati, A., & Lutfi, A. (2025). Nonverbal communication in the Minangkabau Marosok tradition: An analysis of symbols and ethical values from an Islamic economic perspective. ITQAN: Journal of Islamic Economics, Management, and Finance, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.57053/itqan.v5i1.144 Rahman, D. M., & Alfarizzaki, M. Z. (2025). Dari amanah ke keunggulan: Transformasi nilai Islam dalam kepemimpinan bisnis. Journal of Economics and Islamic Business. https://doi.org/10.65802/mukhtasab.v1i1.75 Rahman, F. U., Shaheen, F., & Anas, H. M. (2025). The prophetic sunnah (Seerat‑un‑Nabawi ﷺ) and the United Nations charter on global peace: A theoretical and practical comparative analysis. Contemporary Journal of Social Science Review, 3(4), 261–272. https://doi.org/10.63878/cjssr.v3i4.1805 Raiko, D. (2025). Relational marketing as a strategy for building long‑term relationships with partners and consumers: Methods and tools. Eastern Europe: Economy, Business and Management. https://doi.org/10.32782/easterneurope.47‑15 Rajab, M., Yandi, A., & Mahaputra, M. R. (2025). The impact of digital marketing on customer satisfaction and loyalty in digital marketplaces: A conceptual study. Journal of Digital Business (SIJDB), 3(2). https://doi.org/10.38035/sijdb.v3i2.289 Rangkuti, M. Y. (2023). Toward a holistic framework of Islamic business ethics: Insights from leadership, halal practices, and finance in a digital age. Sinergi Integrasi Islamic Studies, 1(3). https://doi.org/10.61194/ijis.v1i3.593 Rasyid, A., & Djakasaputra, A. (2025). The relationship between seller ethical habits, customer satisfaction, and customer trust and loyalty. International Journal of Marketing and Application, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.58291/ijmsa.v4i2.365 Rosário, A., & Figueiredo, J. (2024). Sustainable entrepreneurship and corporate social responsibility: Analysing the state of research. Sustainability in Environment. https://doi.org/10.1080/27658511.2024.2324572 Sa’adah, H., Siswanto, S., & Djalaluddin, A. (2025). Integrating Islamic economic values into the pentahelix model for developing a sustainable digital entrepreneur. Iqtishoduna: Jurnal Ekonomi Islam, 14(2). https://doi.org/10.54471/iqtishoduna.v14i2.2191 Saleh, S. P., Cangara, H., Sudirman, I., Unde, A., & Putra, F. (2025). Communication and ethics of modern Indonesian business in the perspective of Islamic economics. Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v9i1.22918 Setiawan, I. (2023). The significance of corporate social responsibility in sustainable development: An analysis from an Islamic law perspective. Journal of Law and Development, 11(9). https://doi.org/10.55908/sdgs.v11i9.1206 Shestserau, A. (2024). Enhancing business growth through improvements in customer service quality. Universal Library of Business and Economics. https://doi.org/10.70315/uloap.ulbec.2024.0102007 Sihombing, V. D. R., Sikki, N., Avrilya, R., Maulida, V. W., Suri, B. S. J., & Muhtar, M. (2025). Ethical commerce in the 21st century: An analytical study of Islamic global and digital markets. RIGGS: Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Business, 4(4). https://doi.org/10.31004/riggs.v4i4.2243 Sirat, A. H., Rusandry, R., Baharuddin, G., & Possumah, B. T. (2024). Islamic entrepreneur in the business concept of Prophet Muhammad SAW: A conceptual review of social science and human research. International Journal of Social Science and Human Research, 7(10). https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7‑i10‑24 Sroeurn, C., & Kohsuwan, P. (2025). The effect of service fairness and service quality on customer satisfaction and loyalty: A case of mobile financial application. Human Behavior, Development, and Society, 26(1). https://doi.org/10.62370/hbds.v26i1.277914 Teke, L. N., & Abessolo, H. G. (2025). Leveraging innovation for enhanced customer satisfaction and retention in commercial banks: A study in Cameroon. Frontiers in Business Innovations and Management. https://doi.org/10.64917/fbim‑004 U‑Mar, N., Andriansyah, Y., & Hattabou, A. (2024). Islamic business ethics in Muslim fashion store: A study at 3 Nur Shop, Pattani, Thailand. Journal of Islamic Economics, 10(1), Article 29. https://doi.org/10.20885/jielariba.vol10.iss1.art29 Uyuni, B., & Muhibudin, M. (2020). Community development: The Medina community as the ideal prototype of community development. Spektra: Jurnal Ilmiah, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.34005/spektra.v2i1.1536 Uyuni, B., & Muhibudin, M. (2021). Dakwah pengembangan masyarakat: Masyarakat Madinah sebagai prototipe ideal pengembangan masyarakat. Spektra: Jurnal Ilmiah, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.34005/spektra.v1i2.1395 Vebrianti, R., Aras, M., Putri, M. S. S., & Swandewi, I. A. (2025). AI chatbots in e‑commerce: Enhancing customer engagement, satisfaction and loyalty. PaperAsia, 41(2), 117–131. https://doi.org/10.59953/paperasia.v41i2b.445 Wahyuni, S., Zuliansyah, A., & Devi, Y. (2025). The influence of word of mouth, business location, and product quality on customer satisfaction: An Islamic business perspective (a study on Mie Gacoan consumers at the Antasari branch, Bandar Lampung). Mabsya: Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis Syariah, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.24090/mabsy Wang, Y., Jin, Z., Jin, C., & Kan, C. (2025). Building customer loyalty through emotional connection: How service provider rapport drives sustainable business. Sustainability, 17(6), Article 2396. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17062396 Westin, L., Hallencreutz, J., & Parmler, J. (2024). Integrating perceived sustainability into customer satisfaction models—insights from the Swedish banking and energy industries. Business & Management. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2387203 Yan, D., Wang, C., Sun, T., & Wen, D. (2023). The impact of service experience on sustainable customer engagement: The mediation of green perceived value and customer satisfaction. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.2685 Yasin, N., Hidayati, A., & Nurlailin, W. (2024). Prophet Muhammad’s prophetic business strategy: Comparison with management theories and implications for character education. Journal of Entrepreneurship, 3(4). https://doi.org/10.56943/joe.v3i4.769 Zaki, M. (2025). Spiritual entrepreneurship: Menemukan kembali etos bisnis Nabi dalam ekonomi modern. Mukhtasab: Journal of Economics and Business. https://doi.org/10.65802/mukhtasab.v1i1.74 Zandi, G., Joupari, N. Z. P., & Aslam, A. (2015). The strategies in the battles and struggles of Prophet Muhammad: How it can be applied in modern business. Canada Journal of Business and Education, 8(11), 84–94. https://doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v8n11p84
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. Muhammad Rafiq-uz-Zaman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
From Information to Intelligence: Optimizing Strategic Decision-Making in Saudi Entities through Big Data Synthesis
The digital transformation is more of a reality, and organizations are finding it extremely difficult to cope with the issue of converting high volumes of data into practical and useful intelligence. The present paper is about the promise of Saudi organizations in streamlining the process of strategic decision-making when handling big data. The study is analytical and conceptual and examines synthesis of various sources of information, sophisticated analytical technology and organizational designs required to transform information into intelligence. The paper presents the following concepts to be considered as the key facilitators to effective decision-making data integration, artificial intelligence, governance arrangements, and organizational culture. The findings indicate that Saudi institutions are rapidly adopting big data technology and there are significant gaps in the bits of data, governance, and analytics. The transformation of traditional data management to intelligence-based solutions does not just require a molding of technology but an institutional orientation and capacity development. The study also mentions that the quality of decisions, responsiveness, and strategic alignment is high with firms using integrated data ecosystems and AI-based analytics. As well, the research offers the importance of an integrated strategy that integrates both the technological infrastructure and human and organizational factors. The synthesis of the existing literature that the study offers contributes to enhancing the knowledge of the role that big data can be played in supporting evidence-based decision-making in dynamic and complex environments. The paper closes with strategic recommendations on how to aid in the use of data and intelligence development within Saudi organizations and lead to overall reshaping of the nation. References Al Abdallat, Y. (2025). The impact of artificial intelligence on strategic decision-making in business administration: An analytical study including educational and business environments. Educational Process: International Journal (EDUPIJ), 18(5), 1–20. Alahmari, N., Mehmood, R., Alzahrani, A., Yigitcanlar, T., & Corchado, J. M. (2023). Autonomous and sustainable service economies: Data-driven optimization of design and operations through discovery of multi-perspective parameters. Sustainability, 15(22), 16003. https://doi.org/10.3390/su152216003 Alhakami, W. (2024). Enhancing cybersecurity competency in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A fuzzy decision-making approach. Computers, Materials & Continua, 79(2). Alosaimi, W., Alharbi, A., Alyami, H., Alouffi, B., Almulihi, A., Ahmad, M., … Khan, R. A. (2025). Decision analysis of IoT-based big data analytics in smart cities of Saudi Arabia. PeerJ Computer Science, 11, e3383. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.3383 Alotaibi, N. S., & Alshehri, A. H. (2023). Prospects and obstacles in using artificial intelligence in Saudi Arabian higher education institutions—The potential of AI-based learning outcomes. Sustainability, 15(13), 10723. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151310723 Alsaad, A. M. A. (2024). The imperative of data governance in government organisations: A Saudi Arabian study (Doctoral dissertation, University of Southampton). Aldossari, S., Mokhtar, U. A., & Abdul Ghani, A. T. (2025). Empowering Saudi manufacturing small and medium enterprises: A framework for big data analytics adoption and its impact on decision-making. SAGE Open, 15(3), 21582440251369162. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440251369162 Aseeri, M. M. (2023). Big data analytics socio-technical systems on strategic decision making and organisational performance: Case of Saudi Arabian higher education (Doctoral dissertation, University of Technology Sydney, Australia). Aseeri, M., & Kang, K. (2023). Organisational culture and big data socio-technical systems on strategic decision making: Case of Saudi Arabian higher education. Education and Information Technologies, 28(7), 8999–9024. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-11630-1 Assoufi, I., El Farissi, I., & Slimani, I. (2024). Knowledge management, decision-making and information and communication technology: A systematic mapping study. In Modern artificial intelligence and data science 2024: Tools, techniques and systems (pp. 581–591). Badawy, M. (2023). Integrating artificial intelligence and big data into smart healthcare systems: A comprehensive review of current practices and future directions. In Artificial intelligence evolution (pp. 133–153). Jaradat, Z., Al-Hawamleh, A., & Hamdan, A. (2025). Examining the integration of ERP and BI in the industrial sector and its impact on decision-making processes in KSA. Digital Policy, Regulation and Governance, 27(2), 117–144. https://doi.org/10.1108/DPRG-09-2023-0123 Kgakatsi, M., Galeboe, O. P., Molelekwa, K. K., & Thango, B. A. (2024). The impact of big data on SME performance: A systematic review. Businesses, 4(4), 632–695. https://doi.org/10.3390/businesses4040039 Maswadi, K., & Alhazmi, A. (2026). Towards sustainable health management in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: The role of artificial intelligence—A systematic review, challenges, and future directions. Sustainability, 18(2), 905. https://doi.org/10.3390/su18020905 Mazumder, M. (2023). Application of generative AI in big data visualization for enhancing international business decision-making. Mohiuddin, D. (2024). Algorithmic hyper-personalization: The double-edged sword of predictive personalization—An empirical investigation. Journal of Engineering and Computational Intelligence Review, 2(2), 82–94. https://jecir.com/index.php/jecir/article/view/34 Mohiuddin, D. (2024). Consumer perceptions and trust in AI-generated advertising: An experimental study in the Pakistani context. Apex Journal of Social Sciences, 3(1), 53–68. https://apexjss.com/index.php/AJSS/article/view/24 Mohiuddin, D. (2025). HR tech adoption in digital banking: Implications for workforce development and financial sector growth in emerging economies. Journal of Business Insight and Innovation, 4(2), 77–90. https://insightfuljournals.com/index.php/JBII/article/view/63 Mohiuddin, D., & Farhan, D. N. (2025). Artificial intelligence in marketing: Ethical challenges and solutions for consumers and society. Journal of Business Insight and Innovation, 4(1), 73–87. https://insightfuljournals.com/index.php/JBII/article/view/69 Ojeda, A. M., Valera, J. B., & Diaz, O. (2025). Artificial intelligence of big data for analysis in organizational decision-making. Global Journal of Flexible Systems Management, 26(3), 515–527. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40171-025-00365-7 Ramdana, A. D., Sumiarsih, M., Sakinah, A. M., Yulianti, L., & Mutholib, A. (2025). Information systems empowered by big data: A review of applications in SMEs’ resilience and performance. Jurnal Informatika dan Teknik Elektro Terapan, 13(2). Rathore, M. M., Shah, S. A., Shukla, D., Bentafat, E., & Bakiras, S. (2021). The role of AI, machine learning, and big data in digital twinning: A systematic literature review, challenges, and opportunities. IEEE Access, 9, 32030–32052. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3060863 Saraya, H. M., Saleh, A. A. E., & Rezk, A. (2025). Geo blockchain intelligence risk assessment for extreme weather prediction in the era of internet of spatial big data computing. Discover Internet of Things, 5(1), 145. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43926-025-00145-3 Shafa, H. (2025). Artificial intelligence-driven business intelligence models for enhancing decision-making in US enterprises. ASRC Procedia: Global Perspectives in Science and Scholarship, 1(1), 771–800. Souames, M. A., Mohammedi, L. A., Zouaghi, I., Gunasekaran, A., Beldjoudi, S., & Laghouag, A. (2025). Estimating import lead times using business intelligence and machine learning within the CRISP-DM framework: A case study in oil and gas services industry. IEEE Access. Šajnović, U., Vošner, H. B., Završnik, J., Žlahtič, B., & Kokol, P. (2024). Internet of things and big data analytics in preventive healthcare: A synthetic review. Electronics, 13(18), 3642. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13183642 Tsiu, S. V., Ngobeni, M., Mathabela, L., & Thango, B. (2025). Applications and competitive advantages of data mining and business intelligence in SMEs performance: A systematic review. Businesses, 5(2), 22. https://doi.org/10.3390/businesses5020022 ur Rashid, R., Hussain, S. K., & Nawaz, S. (2025). The role of data governance, integration architecture, and AI-enabled analytics in enhancing decision-making effectiveness: Evidence from the telecom sector in Saudi Arabia. AI, Technology & Social Transformation, 1(2), 1–10.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Masood Alam, Mohd Ahasan Humauyun Khan, Mohammed Mahmood Ali Ansari, Muhammad Zubair Sarwar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0